Tribal Agriculture And Sustainable Livelihood: A Comparative Analysis Between Organic Farming And Inorganic Farming In Erode District Of Tamil Nadu

Abstract

The present study investigates the comparative economic and environmental viability of organic and inorganic farming practices in tribal agriculture, focusing on sustainable livelihoods in the Erode district of Tamil Nadu. Tribal farmers, crucial participants in organic farming, are transitioning from conventional to organic practices, driven by the need for environmentally sustainable methods and improved livelihoods. Moreover, the study examines the factors influencing this transition, cost structures, returns, and productive efficiency across different landholding sizes in organic and inorganic farming systems. Primary data were collected from 200 farm households, equally divided between organic and inorganic practitioners, across ten tribal villages in the Sathyamangalam and Talavadi blocks. With regard to statistical tools like correlation, ANOVA, and Multiple linear Regression models were employed to analyze the input-output dynamics and factors influencing crop yield. With regard to outcomes of research work and society, it reveals that organic farming is more labor-intensive, with higher utilization of natural inputs such as vermicompost, neem cake, and farmyard manure, leading to enhanced soil fertility and yield over time. Marginal and small farmers benefit significantly from organic practices due to lower input costs and better soil health, whereas large farmers incur higher input costs. Organic farming demonstrates a higher input-output ratio and economic viability, emphasizing its potential as a sustainable livelihood strategy. However, gaps in awareness, marketing inefficiencies, and lack of training hinder broader adoption. The study suggests policy measures such as training programs, subsidies, and incentives for organic inputs, and enhanced marketing networks to promote organic farming among tribal farmers.