Testing some elements of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in controlling the whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrdidae) Bemisia tabaci in Samarra

Abstract

The effect of different concentrations of Spinnosad on whitefly death was also evident. The highest percentage was 0.500 ml/L after 72 hours of treatment, while the lowest percentage was 23.3% at a concentration of 0.125 ml/L after 24 hours of treatment. Biotach 16% AS concentrations achieved high fly killing rates. Different concentrations of resulted in high fly killing rates, with the highest killing rate being 100% at a concentration of 1.0 ml/L after 72 hours of treatment, while the lowest killing rate was 30.0% at a concentration of 0.25 ml/L after 24 hours of treatment. As for the pupae, after treatment with Biotach 16 AS, the highest killing rate was at a concentration of 1.0 ml/L after 72 hours of treatment, while the lowest killing rate was 13.3% at a concentration of 0.25 ml/L after 24 hours of treatment. The effect of different concentrations of plant extracts on whitefly mortality was assessed. The highest percentage of whitefly mortality was achieved at a concentration of 0.500 ml/L after 72 hours of treatment, while the lowest percentage of mortality was 23.3% at a concentration of 0.125 ml pesticide/L after 24 hours of treatment. The results of the current study confirmed a direct relationship between increasing concentration, exposure time, and percentage mortality. The percentage of whitefly mortality was more sensitive to all treatments under study.