The Function of Camponotus compressus in Enhancing Physiological Efficiency in Coriander Plants: Ants as Natural Soil Engineers

Abstract

This study examines how the physiological and biochemical characteristics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) plants are affected by ant nest soil, specifically from Camponotus compressus. In 17 field sites, coriander plants were cultivated in soils with and without ant nests. The growth parameters, pigment concentrations, and photosynthetic characteristics of the plants were examined. Results revealed that plants grown in ant nest soil exhibited significantly enhanced green biomass, root length, leaf diameter, and leaf number. Biochemical assessments indicated increased chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and total chlorophyll content in the experimental group, signifying improved light absorption and pigment biosynthesis. In addition, plants grown in ant nest soil exhibited decreased proline content, increased water potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate—all of which point to decreased abiotic stress and improved physiological efficiency. These plant’s enhanced ability to use light was reflected in their higher photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). These results were corroborated by an analysis of soil samples from nest and non-nest areas, which showed that nest-associated soils had higher concentrations of vital cations and nutrients. According to these findings, Camponotus compressus plays an important ecological role as a natural soil enhancer and has the ability to support agroecosystem productivity and sustainable plant growth.