Doctrinal Questions in Al-Maturidi’s Exegesis: Divine Punishment and the Gender of Angels as a Case Study

Abstract

This study explores two theological questions raised by Imam al-Maturidi in his interpretation of selected Qur'anic verses: the apparent contradiction between God's attributes of forbearance and mercy with the reality of divine punishment in the Hereafter, and the attribution of femininity to the angels by polytheists. The first issue is examined through al-Maturidi’s reflections on the believers' fear of the Hour and the disbelievers’ denial of it, demonstrating that divine punishment does not negate God's mercy but reflects His wisdom and justice. The second issue addresses the irrational claim that angels are female, despite the absence of any revelation or rational evidence. Al-Maturidi refutes this claim on both theological and epistemological grounds. The study further compares al-Maturidi’s views with those of other classical exegetes such as al-Tabari, al-Razi, al-Thalabi, and Ibn Kathir, highlighting the uniqueness of al-Maturidi’s rational and doctrinal approach in interpreting these verses. The research concludes that al-Maturidi emphasizes the harmony between divine attributes and rational belief, reinforcing the foundational principles of Islamic theology.