Management Of Chemotherapy In Suppressing Solid Tumors By SLC38A9, CLEC6A And Interleukin-42 As Novel Tumor Markers

Abstract

Background: Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing a significant challenge to healthcare systems and medical research. Broadly speaking, tumors can be classified into two main categories: solid tumors and hematologic (liquid) malignancies. While hematologic cancers-such as leukemia and lymphoma-primarily affect the blood and bone marrow, solid tumors are characterized by the abnormal growth of tissue in the form of a mass or lump within a specific organ or body site. Solid tumors encompass a wide range of cancers, including those of the breast, lung, prostate, colon, liver, brain, and many others. These malignancies account for a substantial portion of global cancer cases and deaths, highlighting the urgent need for continued research, early detection, and effective treatment strategies. Patients and Healthy Control a total of 60 individuals were enrolled in the current study, divided into two main groups:The first group (patients): included 30 patients diagnosed with various types of solid malignant tumors, ranging in age from 27 to 77 years.The second group (healthy controls): included 30 healthy individuals, serving as a control group, ranging in age from 26 to 66 years.Kits and technique: Sandwich-ELISA technique was applied to determine the level of SLC38A9, CLEC6A and Interleukin-42 in the serum samples of the study individuals. Results:The results of the current study showed no-significant differences (p=0.130) when comparing the level of SLC38A9 in the two cancerous patientsgroups together. Nevertheless, the study showed statistically significant differences when comparing the control group with the group of patients with solid tumors before treatment (p=0.010) and after chemotherapy (p=0.000),The study showed a significant decrease (p=0.000) in the levels of this parameter in the treated group before treatment (G1) compared to its levels in the treated group after treatment (G2). Similarly, the study demonstrated significant differences (p=0.001) when comparing the treated group with the control group. However, the results lacked statistical acceptability when comparing the group of solid tumor patients who received treatment with the control group (p=0.408). The study revealed statistically significant differences when comparing Interleukin-42 levels in the solid tumor group before receiving chemotherapy compared to the same samples after completing chemotherapy (p=0.008), as well as their counterparts in the control group (p=0.001). The study showed that the highest sensitivity (90%) was recorded for both CLEC6A and interleukin 42. All criteria demonstrated equally maximal sensitivity in this study, with each reaching 100%.While CLEC6A, they were less sensitivity to them 97% before Chemotherapy Treatment. In the group of solid tumor patients who received chemotherapy, the study showed that the highest sensitivity (93%) and highest specificity (90%) were recorded for SLC38A9. While the results showed that the combined sensitivity reached its maximum (97%) for SLC38A9 in combination with CLEC6A.Conclusions: SLC38A9, CLEC6A, and lnterleukin-42 are excellent tools for diagnosing malignant solid tumors. SLC38A9, CLEC6A, and lnterleukin-42 are an effective follow-up function for cancerous tumor detection.