Energy Performance Evaluation of a Biomass-Fired Dryer for Amla Processing

Abstract

This study presents an energy performance evaluation of a biomass-fired dryer developed for the dehydration of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) fruits. Amla is rich in vitamin C and bioactive compounds, but its high moisture content limits shelf life and post-harvest utilization. Drying is a vital method to preserve its quality and extend usability. In this investigation, locally available agricultural biomass such as rice husk, coconut shells, and sawdust was used as fuel in a direct-heated drying system. Key performance metrics, including moisture removal rate, drying efficiency, specific energy consumption (SEC), and thermal efficiency, were analyzed under varying operating conditions. The initial moisture content of Amla was reduced from approximately 84% to 12% (wet basis) at drying temperatures ranging from 60°C to 80°C. Results showed that fuel type, airflow rate, and drying temperature significantly affected drying performance. The specific energy consumption ranged from 4.2 to 6.5 MJ/kg of water removed, and thermal efficiency varied between 15% and 25%. The biomass dryer demonstrated consistent performance and energy savings when compared to conventional electric dryers. The findings highlight the feasibility of biomass as a sustainable energy source for rural-based fruit drying applications and suggest optimization strategies for improved dryer design and energy efficiency.