Anti-Diabetic Effects Of Celosia Argentea Root In Diabetic Rats Induced By Streptozotocin

Abstract

Many people are looking into plant-based therapies as an alternative to current antidiabetic medications due to their limitations. There is limited scientific confirmation for the traditional usage of Celosia argentea in diabetic control. This study examines the possibility of using root extract from Celosia argentea as an antidiabetic in rats that have been induced to diabetes by streptozotocin (STZ). With a total of six rats per group, the study included five conditions: normal control, diabetes control, diabetic + Celosia argentea extract (100 mg/kg), diabetic + Celosia argentea extract (200 mg/kg), and diabetic + glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). The treatments were taken orally for a duration of 21 days. The evaluation included fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, lipid profile, biomarkers of the liver and kidneys, and pancreatic histology. On day 21, STZ increased FBG considerably from 92.3 ± 4.5 mg/dL. The diabetic control group's serum insulin levels rose to 4.3 ± 0.2 µIU/mL, whereas the 100 mg/kg treated group's levels reached 6.9 ± 0.4 µIU/mL and the 200 mg/kg treated group reached 8.2 ± 0.5 µIU/mL. Groups that received treatment saw considerable improvements in HDL levels and reductions in total and triglyceride cholesterol. Kidney indicators (creatinine and urea) and liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were normalized. The histopathological examination of rats treated with the extract showed that their pancreatic islets were restored to some extent or another. In rats produced with diabetes by streptozotocin (STZ), the methanolic root extract of Celosia argentea greatly reduces hyperglycemia, enhances insulin production, rectifies dyslipidemia, and safeguards pancreatic tissue. Its potential as a natural antidiabetic drug is suggested by these findings, which also support its historic use in diabetes.