Investigation Of The Thyromodulatory And Antioxidant Potential Of Bioactive Fractions Of Commiphora Mukul In PTU-Induced Experimental Hypothyroidism

Abstract

Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder marked by decreased thyroid hormone synthesis and increased oxidative stress, often leading to systemic metabolic disruptions. Current treatments primarily rely on hormone replacement, which may not address the oxidative imbalance. This study investigated the thyromodulatory and antioxidant efficacy of bioactive fractions of Commiphora mukul (guggul) in a propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rat model. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of C. mukul resin were obtained through successive solvent extraction and screened for phytoconstituents. Wistar rats were randomly grouped into normal, disease control, standard (levothyroxine), and treatment groups receiving various doses of C. mukul fractions. Hypothyroidism was induced by oral PTU administration (6 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. Serum T3, T4, and TSH levels, along with antioxidant parameters such as MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH, were biochemically analyzed. Histopathological studies and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were also performed. Results revealed that high-dose ethyl acetate and methanol extracts significantly restored thyroid hormone levels and antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing lipid peroxidation. Histological observations corroborated biochemical findings, and survival analysis demonstrated protective efficacy. The study concludes that Commiphora mukul possesses potent thyromodulatory and antioxidant activity, supporting its traditional use and potential as an adjunct therapy in hypothyroidism management.