GC-MS Analysis Of Bioactive Compounds In Spirogyra Extract And Its Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

Methanolic extracts of Spirogyra varians are investigated for their effectiveness against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus aureus. The algae used in my experiment were collected in the summer from the Al-Baietha area in Iraq. Antibacterial effectiveness was tested using the agar well diffusion method at different concentrations of the extracts (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL). High extract amounts were shown to strongly inhibit the bacteria tested this result obtain in this study while increasing the concentration of an extract can enhance its antibacterial efficacy, this relationship is not absolute and depends on various factors, including the type of bacteria, extraction method, and the chemical composition of the extract. Therefore, specific studies are necessary to determine the optimal concentration for each case. "Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of the extract showed that it contains fatty acids, hydrocarbons and esters as active compounds. In this final phase of the study, it was demonstrated that the extract decreased the expression of icaA and icaD, genes involved with making the biofilm the study revealed that the extract exerted a more significant influence on the icaD gene compared to the icaA. These findings suggest that Spirogyra possesses significant potential as a natural source of antimicrobial agents. Further studies focusing on the isolation of individual compounds and the elucidation of their mechanisms of action are recommended to fully explore the therapeutic applications of Spirogyra extracts in combating bacterial infections and biofilm-related diseases.