Awareness of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Among Employees in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

Abstract

Background: Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) awareness is critical for preventing workplace accidents and promoting a safe working environment, especially in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Despite the importance of OSH practices, awareness levels vary significantly among employees, influenced by factors such as education, tenure, and training. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of OSH awareness among employees in MSMEs across multiple sectors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2024, involving 500 employees from various MSMEs. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which assessed demographic characteristics, OSH training and policy awareness, and perceptions of OSH effectiveness. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression to examine the associations between demographic and work-related factors and OSH awareness.

Results: The study found that 80% (n=400) of participants were aware of their company’s written OSH&S policy, 70% (n=350) had received required OH&S training, and 60% (n=300) rated the training as effective. Higher educational levels and longer tenure were significantly associated with greater OSH awareness (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that longer tenure (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.23–2.49), higher education (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.68–3.29), and OSH training (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.51–2.91) were independently associated with higher OSH awareness.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of education, tenure, and training in enhancing OSH awareness among MSME employees. Targeted interventions, including comprehensive training programs and regular policy reinforcement, are essential to improving workplace safety. The study suggests that even small investments in these areas can lead to significant improvements in OSH practices, contributing to safer work environments in resource-constrained settings.