Effect Of Organic Matter Application On Physical Properties Of Soil: A Review

Abstract

Organic matter has a significant impact on the physical properties of soil, which in turn affect the soil health and quality. This review critically examines the impact of various types and rates of organic matter application such as compost, manure, crop residue and wool waste on key soil physical parameters including bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content, soil moisture retention, soil hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate, soil temperature, specific heat and soil thermal conductivity etc. In current agricultural scenario, organic matter of various type is integrated with inorganic fertilizers to meet the nutrient requirement of plants. Organic matter has low density and high specific surface area than soil particles, which are most contributing attributes to have a significant effect on soil properties. Application of organic amendments has been shown to improve soil structure, reduce compaction, and enhance moisture infiltration and retention. These changes not only foster healthier root environments but also mitigate erosion risks and increase resilience against drought stress. This review synthesizes findings from fields across the diverse soil types and climatic conditions, highlighting interaction of organic matter with mineral components of soil to modify its physical properties. Additionally, the paper explored the long-term effects of organic matter on soil. By consolidating current research, this work provides a comprehensive understanding of how organic inputs contribute in improving soil physical properties and hence soil health & agricultural productivity.