Evaluating Modern Root Canal Obturation Techniques And Their Effect On Microleakage

Abstract

Reliable obturation of root canals is a critical step in endodontic treatment, ensuring a dense and hermetic filling of the canal system and its accessory branches with sealing materials. The primary goal of root canal filling is to eliminate communication between the periapical tissues and the pulp chamber, thereby forming a biological barrier that prevents reinfection.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different root canal obturation techniques in preventing microleakage. An in vitro experiment was conducted using 30 extracted single-rooted teeth, divided into three groups based on the obturation technique used:

Group 1: Lateral condensation with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer.

Group 2: Injection technique with E&Q Master and AH Plus sealer.

Group 3: Thermafil system with AH Plus sealer.

The root canals were prepared with ProFile instruments (size 30/04) and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 1% methylene blue, then sectioned at 2, 5, and 7 mm from the apex to assess dye penetration under 10x magnification.

The results revealed varying levels of root canal seal quality among the different obturation techniques. The lateral condensation technique exhibited significant microleakage, while the injection technique showed the most reliable sealing with minimal dye penetration. The Thermafil system provided better apical sealing than lateral condensation but was slightly less effective than the injection technique.

This study highlights the superior performance of three-dimensional obturation methods, particularly the injection technique, in preventing apical microleakage and ensuring long-term success in endodontic treatment.