Overview Of Studies Investigating The Combined Effects Of Pufas And Traditional Therapies For Secondary Prevention Of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Secondary prevention strategies are essential to improve outcomes and reduce recurrent cardiovascular events. Traditional therapies, including beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins, have demonstrated efficacy in managing various cardiovascular risks. Recent studies suggest polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 fatty acids, may complement these therapies through synergistic mechanisms.

This review examines the combined effects of beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, statins, and PUFAs in the secondary prevention of AMI, highlighting the mechanisms of synergy and their clinical implications.

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for studies published up to November 2024.  Beta-blockers reduce myocardial oxygen demand, while PUFAs improve endothelial function, promoting hemodynamic stability. Both therapies exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, with beta-blockers indirectly mitigating ischemia-induced inflammation and PUFAs directly lowering cytokine levels. Statins and PUFAs contribute to plaque stabilization by reducing lipid-rich necrotic cores and increasing fibrous cap thickness. ACE inhibitors prevent adverse cardiac remodeling, which is further supported by PUFAs’ antioxidative properties. Clinical evidence suggests these combinations reduce recurrent AMI risk, improve survival, and decrease arrhythmogenic potential in high-risk populations.The integration of PUFAs with traditional pharmacological therapies provides a synergistic approach to secondary prevention of AMI. These combinations target multiple cardiovascular risk pathways, enhancing overall effectiveness. Future research should refine dosing strategies, explore long-term benefits, and identify subpopulations most likely to benefit from this multifaceted approach.