Policy Networks and Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration in Agricultural Subsidy Programs of Fertilizer Distribution in Pinrang Regency

Abstract

This study examines multi-actor dynamics in subsidized fertilizer procurement and distribution for farmer groups in Pinrang Regency, Indonesia. Through qualitative methodology involving in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis, the research analyzes coordination mechanisms, policy implementation challenges, and stakeholder interactions in agricultural subsidy programs. Findings reveal significant coordination gaps between inside government actors, including Regional Parliament Commission II and Department of Agriculture, despite systematic approaches through e-RDKK data management and established risk frameworks. While administrative systems claim adequate quota allocation, persistent farmer complaints about fertilizer scarcity and distribution delays indicate substantial disconnects between bureaucratic records and field realities. Outside government actors, particularly farmer groups, retail kiosks, academics, media, and political parties, demonstrate valuable local knowledge and implementation capacity but remain largely excluded from meaningful participation in policy design and evaluation processes. The study identifies persistent shadow actors engaging in rent-seeking behaviors that undermine policy objectives, alongside inadequate integration of academic expertise and limited media engagement in policy socialization. These findings suggest that effective subsidized fertilizer programs require genuine partnership mechanisms leveraging unique capabilities of all stakeholder groups while addressing structural barriers to inclusive participation and transparent accountability. The research contributes to understanding collaborative governance in agricultural policy implementation and highlights the need for enhanced multi-stakeholder coordination to achieve sustainable food security objectives in developing country contexts.