Innovations In Occupational Health And Safety In Africa: A Systematic Review Of Technological, Organizational, And Strategic Advances.

Abstract

Introduction: Occupational health and safety (OHS) remains a major challenge in Africa, driven by high workplace hazard rates, inadequate infrastructures, and a dominant informal sector. Innovations in technology, organizational practices, and policy frameworks are essential to improve working conditions and reduce occupational illnesses and injuries.

Method: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and African Journals Online targeted open-access articles published from 2013 to 2024. Included studies focused on OHS innovations in African workplaces. Data extraction emphasized innovation types, sectors, study methodologies, outcomes, and reported limitations.

Results: A total of 45 articles met inclusion criteria, spanning multiple African regions and sectors including healthcare, agriculture, mining, construction, and informal economies. Innovations were classified into technological (e.g., mobile apps, artificial intelligence, wearable devices), organizational (e.g., OHS management systems, community health committees, incentive schemes), and strategic (e.g., regulatory reforms, international partnerships, e-learning programs). These initiatives led to enhanced risk monitoring, increased worker awareness, and reductions in occupational accidents. However, adoption was uneven—particularly limited in informal and rural settings—and long-term impact evaluations were scarce.

Discussion: The review illustrates encouraging progress through digital tool integration and participatory organizational models. Persistent challenges remain, including digital inequities, limited resources, and regional disparities. Methodological diversity among studies limits direct comparison but underscores a broad spectrum of OHS innovation approaches. Future efforts must target underserved groups and reinforce capacity for rigorous evaluation.

Conclusion: Innovations in African OHS demonstrate substantial promise to improve worker safety and health. To optimize outcomes, inclusive technological deployment, stronger policies, and cross-sector collaboration are imperative. These actions are vital for sustainable occupational health advancement across Africa.