Comparative Evaluation Of 0.5% Heavy Bupivacaine And 0.75% Heavy Ropivacaine In Subarachnoid Block For Elective Caesarean Sections: A Clinical Observational Study

Abstract

Subarachnoid block (spinal anesthesia) remains the preferred anesthetic technique for lower segment caesarean sections due to its rapid onset, effectiveness, and maternal consciousness preservation. Bupivacaine has been the conventional agent of choice, offering reliable sensory and motor blockade; however, its association with dense motor block and delayed recovery has prompted the exploration of alternatives. Ropivacaine, a newer amide-type local anesthetic, presents a potentially favorable profile with comparable analgesia and reduced motor impairment. This observational study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of 0.5% heavy Bupivacaine and 0.75% heavy Ropivacaine when administered intrathecally during elective caesarean sections. A total of 60 ASA I and II parturients aged between 20 and 35 years were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group B received 0.5% Bupivacaine and Group R received 0.75% Ropivacaine intrathecally under aseptic conditions. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, SpO₂), sensory and motor block characteristics, and analgesic duration were monitored intraoperatively and postoperatively. The results demonstrated that while both agents were effective in achieving adequate surgical anesthesia, Ropivacaine was associated with faster motor recovery, shorter duration of sensory blockade, and more stable hemodynamic parameters. Conversely, Bupivacaine provided a longer duration of analgesia but exhibited a higher incidence of hypotension and delayed motor block resolution. In conclusion, Ropivacaine may serve as a safer and more efficient alternative in parturients where early ambulation and hemodynamic stability are crucial, without compromising anesthetic quality.