Eco-Friendly Synthesis Of Selenium Nanoparticles With Detect Antibacterial Activity On Bacterial Isolates From Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Abstract

Background: Due to the abuse of antibiotics, numerous bacterial species exhibited a high resistance to the routinely used antibiotics, particularly in prevalent bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa. Which result in a challenges in controlling and treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) caused by certain bacterial species.Therefore today, the scientific media and scientist attempt to find an alternative antibacterial agent with fewer adverse effects and lower bacterial resistance, which is during the recent years provided by nanotechnology by eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles which showed a significant result on pathogenic bacteria in many studies including the current study.

 Objective: this study aims to synthesis of selenium nanoparticles eco-friendly and indicate their antibacterial activity against antimicrobial resistant bacteria in DFU patients.

Materials and methods: 150 specimens of different age groups for both genders from clinical source (diabetic foot ulcer) were collected, between the beginning of November 2024 and end of February 2025 patients of Baqubah Teaching Hospital in Diyala, after cultured in the cultures media, the total clinical isolates were 130 isolates of a different genus of bacteria.

Results: The results showed that among gram negative bacteria five species have been isolated from DFU are   K. pneumoniae 30 (23%), E. coli 19 (14.6%), P. aeruginosa 20(15.4%), A. baumannii 13 (10%), and P. mirabilis10 (7.7%). while gram positive bacteria were S. aureus25 (19.2%), S. pyogenes 7 (5.4%) and E. faecalis 6 (4.6%). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the average size and shape of the nanoparticles, which came out to be (20.40 –56.8) nm. The Se NPs have a smooth surface texture and a spherical shape, according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wavelength range was evaluated using UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), which investigates a noticeable peak at 420 nm. X-ray diffraction device was used to study the bio-synthesized Se nanoparticles in order to determine their average particle size and crystalline nature which was in average of 20.092nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) shows that the reduction and capping processes are made possible by several functional groups found in biomolecules. Five concentrations of Se NPs (10, 20, 40, 80 and 160) mg/ml were evaluated against isolates that were multiple drug-resistant (MDR). The results demonstrated that at the highest concentration 160 mg/ml Se NPs showed the highest efficiency against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. faecalis with 26 mm, followed by E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and A. baumannii, which were (25, 24, 24 and 24) mm respectively. On the other hand, the same isolates showed the smallest zone inhibition at 10 mg/ml to be (18, 16, 16, 18, 15, 15 18 and 13) mm respectively.

Conclusion: The study shown that The Zingiber officinale aqueous extract displays a significant action against Gram-negative bacteria, however the antibacterial efficacy of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) surpassed that of Zingiber officinale extracts.