Emerging Threat Of Gastrointestinal Parasites In Juvenile Sheep From Quisapincha Parish, Tungurahua: Prevalence And Health Implications

Abstract

Gastrointestinal parasites represent a major health threat to juvenile sheep, especially in tropical highland regions such as Quisapincha Parish in Tungurahua, Ecuador, where sheep farming is a crucial livelihood for indigenous communities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, diversity, and degree of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in sheep under 12 months of age, while exploring environmental and management factors contributing to their distribution. A total of 222 fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of sheep in various rural communities and analysed using flotation techniques and optical microscopy to identify parasitic forms. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software, including descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation to assess relationships between parasite burden and anemia severity. The results revealed a high overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites at 74.77%, with Eimeria spp. (38.95%), Strongyloides spp. (13.48%), and Haemonchus spp. (9.74%) being the most common. Most infections were classified as mild (78.67%) or moderate (21.33%), with no cases of heavy infestation. Creole sheep had the highest prevalence (83.51%), followed by crossbreeds (67.65%) and Merino sheep (24.18%). Males showed higher infection rates than females (79.17% vs. 71.43%), and sheep over 12 months exhibited slightly higher parasitism than younger groups. The high prevalence suggests deficiencies in pasture management, irregular implementation of deworming protocols, and limited veterinary support. These findings underscore the need for integrated parasite management strategies that include improved sanitary practices, regular monitoring, targeted anthelmintic use, and farmer education. Strengthening local animal health programs is essential to reduce parasitic burdens and enhance productivity in smallholder sheep systems in the Ecuadorian highlands.