Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of Pelargonium Graveolens Essential Oil In Solid Soap Formulations

Abstract

The growing concern over antimicrobial resistance and the harmful effects of synthetic antiseptics has increased interest in alternatives. essential oils of Pelargonium graveolens possess strong antimicrobial properties in hygiene products. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of P. graveolens essential oil incorporated into solid soap formulations. The essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation and its composition was analyzed using gaz chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Citronellol (29.4%), 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol (26%),and geraniol (8.2%) were identified as major components. Soaps enriched with essential oil at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% were tested against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 using the disc diffusion method. The essential oil-enriched soaps exhibited significant inhibitory effect, with the 5% formulat soaps exhibited significant inhibitory effect, with the 5% formulation showing the highest inhibition against S. epidermidis (17.33 mm) and E. coli (15.03 mm). However, P. aeruginosa demonstrated lower susceptibility.The findings support the potential of P. graveolens essential oil as a natural antibacterial agent in hygiene products. This study provides a foundation for further development of plant-based antiseptic formulation, contributing to sustainable healthcare alternatives.