The Impact Of Soil Amendments On Brassica Carinata's Bioavailability, Transformation, And Accumulation Of Heavy Metals

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of farm yard manure (FYM), recommended doze of fertilizer (RDF), and Trichoderma viride additions on heavy metal-contaminated soil. In this study, amendments using FYM, FYM + RDF, and FYM + Trichoderma viride were applied to the heavy metal-contaminated soil in four application rates (0, 1, 2,3,4 and 5ppm), with the goal of considerably decreasing the bioavailability of heavy metals for Brassica carinata from irrigation soils. The use of various amendment ratios can enhance soil pH by 0.11-0.30 units while simultaneously increasing organic matter content by 3.1-35.1%. All of the adjustments successfully reduced the concentration of accessible chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in the CaCl2 extract.After adding varied ratios of amendments to the soil, the CaCl2 extractable Cd dropped by 33-48% compared to the control group.  Furthermore, increasing the quantity of compost and farmyard manure-bioagent combinations reduced the readily exchangeable fractions of Cr, Cd, and Zn while increasing the oxidation and residual fractions.

When soil amendments were provided, fresh root and shoot weight rose by 29-63% and 39-85%, respectively. After applying varied amendment ratios, Cd concentrations in Brassica carinata roots and shoots reduced by 21-44% and 26-53%, respectively. All of the amendments were efficient in lowering Cd, Zn, and Cu uptake by Brassica carinata roots and shoots while concurrently reducing Cr absorption in the roots. Fertilizer applications, as soil amendments, can dramatically lower heavy metal levels in Brassica carinata. While increasing biomass output, a greater application rate is more efficient than a lower application rate.