A Comparative Review Of Autogenous And Xenogeneic Grafting Techniques For Soft Tissue Augmentation Around Immediate Implants In The Esthetic Zone

Abstract

This comparative review evaluates the efficacy of autogenous (modified vascularized interpositional periosteal-connective tissue graft, mVIP-CTG) and xenogeneic (xenogeneic collagen matrix, XCM) grafting techniques for soft tissue augmentation around immediate implants in the esthetic zone. mVIP-CTG, derived from palatal submucosa, offers superior soft tissue thickness gain (1.5–2.5 mm), long-term volume stability, and enhanced esthetic outcomes, particularly in papilla reconstruction and contour. However, it involves higher patient morbidity due to donor site complications. In contrast, XCM provides a minimally invasive alternative with moderate tissue gain (1.0–2.0 mm), reduced postoperative discomfort, and faster surgical execution, albeit with greater early resorption and less predictable long-term stability. Histologically, mVIP-CTG integrates rapidly due to its vascularized nature, while XCM relies on host remodeling, resulting in slower healing. Patient-reported outcomes favor mVIP-CTG for esthetics but XCM for comfort. The choice between techniques depends on clinical priorities: mVIP-CTG for maximal esthetic and volumetric results, and XCM for patient-centered, less invasive approaches. Both methods demonstrate unique advantages, highlighting the need for individualized treatment planning in implant therapy.