Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in adults, characterized by progressive cervical spinal canal narrowing and subsequent neurological decline. Early clinical manifestations such as gait instability, sleep disturbances, and impaired coordination are frequently subtle and misattributed to normal aging, often leading to delayed diagnosis. Despite occasional periods of clinical stability, most patients experience ongoing neurological deterioration, particularly in the presence of risk factors. Without timely intervention, DCM may result in significant motor impairment or permanent disability. This review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and current management strategies for DCM, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention to optimize patient outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was conducted to explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Results: A practical guide to equip health care providers with essential knowledge of DCM, aiming to enhance clinical practice, examination performance, and diagnostic interpretation. It also addresses the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and outlines effective referral strategies for optimal patient care."

Conclusion: This review emphasizes the importance of clinical evaluation, advanced imaging, and tailored treatment strategies particularly surgical decompression for severe cases.