Challenges Faced by Nursing Students in Conducting Physical Assessments: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Physical assessment is a fundamental clinical skill in nursing practice, essential for accurate patient evaluation and timely intervention. However, nursing students frequently face a range of challenges in mastering physical assessment techniques, which may hinder their clinical competence and confidence. This integrative review aims to identify and synthesize the common barriers encountered by undergraduate nursing students in performing physical assessments. A systematic search of five electronic databases—PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar—was conducted, including peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025. Thematic analysis revealed key challenges, including insufficient theoretical knowledge, lack of clinical exposure, low self-confidence, inadequate supervision and feedback, curriculum overload, and limited access to simulation resources. Additionally, cultural and language barriers were noted, particularly in multicultural or international learning environments. These factors collectively impact students’ ability to effectively apply physical assessment skills in clinical settings. The findings underscore the need for curriculum reforms, enhanced simulation-based learning, structured clinical mentoring, and supportive learning environments. Addressing these issues is vital for fostering competent, confident nursing graduates capable of delivering high-quality patient care. This review provides actionable insights for educators and policymakers to strengthen physical assessment training in undergraduate nursing education worldwide.