Impact Of Renewable Distributed Generation On Power Stability And Quality In Distribution Networks: A Critical Review

Abstract

The increasing penetration of renewable distributed generation (RDG), particularly photovoltaic and wind, in electricity distribution networks has revolutionized the operation of electrical systems in modern times. However, this path toward sustainable energy models has also presented a set of technical challenges that impact operational stability and the quality of electrical service. Voltage collapse, flicker, three-phase voltage unbalance, and total harmonic distortion (THD) are increasingly prevalent in networks with high renewable energy penetration. This research is a systematic and critical review of 35 articles produced between 2020 and 2025, using the PRISMA 2020 approach. Specialized databases were used, including IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. An analysis procedure using the PICOC framework was provided, where the technical assessment of the impact of RDG on the fundamental electrical parameters of distribution networks is the main criterion. Knowledge fragmentation and significant methodological variability in the results are observed. There are potential technical solutions, including active compensators, optimization algorithms, and energy storage, but there are still theoretical gaps, a lack of dispersion in the indicators used, and a lack of standard regulations. It is concluded that technical interoperability must be improved, regulations harmonized, and the development of contextual research supported in Latin American settings. This work provides a solid basis for proposing technical, academic, and regulatory guidelines for energy quality and reliability in grids with DRGs.