Assessment Of Ground Water Quality In Some Villages Of Shreemadhopur Tehsil Using Statistical Methods And Its Impact Of Human Health With Special Reference To Fluoride Contamination

Abstract

The main aim of research work is to evaluate the quality of groundwater in some villages of shreemadhopur tehsil, District Sikar, Rajasthan, India for drinking and irrigation purposes. Assessment of groundwater quality is very important to estimate the contaminants to take preventive measures and predict future disasters. Groundwater contamination is a global problem that has a significant impact on human health and ecological services. Groundwater samples were collected from various locations in the study area during the pre and post-monsoon season and were analyzed for different physic chemical parameters including pH, Turbidity, Dissolved oxygen, Electrical conductivity, Total alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium hardness, Magnesium hardness, Total dissolved solids , Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulphate, chloride, bicarbonate, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and Potassium. The results were then compared with the water quality standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). All the water samples in the study area are within the levels of pH but in most of samples fluoride, total hardness and total dissolved solids arefound exceeded the permitted limit. Fluoride has positive correlation with electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, chloride, sodium and negative correlation with total hardness, calcium and magnesium. A positive correlation between fluoride and total alkalinity indicate the alkaline nature of groundwater, which promotes the leaching of fluoride and thus increasing the fluoride concentration groundwater.Piper diagram classified all groundwater samples into ‘Mixed Na⁺-HCO₃^- - Cl^-- Ca²⁺type. The results also suggest that the groundwater contamination problem is alarming at present and groundwater quality is deteriorating with time. Artificial recharge and rainwater harvesting practices should be adopted to improve the groundwater quality and the residents are advised to drink purified groundwater.