Fabrication And Mechanical Evaluation Of Epoxy Composites Reinforced With Banana Pseudostem Fibers

Abstract

Amid increasing environmental concerns and the urgent need to reduce dependence on non-renewable, non-biodegradable resources, natural fiber-reinforced composites have emerged as promising sustainable alternatives. Banana pseudostem fibers, an agricultural byproduct, offer notable advantages such as low density, biodegradability, renewability, and favorable mechanical characteristics. In this study, an epoxy-based composite reinforced with chopped banana pseudostem fibers was developed using the compression molding technique, incorporating varying fiber volume fractions. To enhance fiber–matrix adhesion, the banana fibers were alkali-treated prior to fabrication. The mechanical performance of the composites was assessed through a series of tests including tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness evaluations. Results revealed that the incorporation of treated banana fibers significantly improved the mechanical properties of the epoxy matrix. The optimal performance was observed at a 20% fiber volume fraction, showing a near-linear increase in mechanical strength up to this point. Beyond 20%, a gradual decline in properties was noted, indicating saturation and possible fiber agglomeration. Thus, 20% was identified as the optimal reinforcement level for maximizing the structural performance of the composite.