Water Quality Management In Aquaculture: Trends And Techniques

Abstract

Water quality management is a cornerstone of successful aquaculture operations, influencing not only the health and productivity of aquatic species but also the economic viability and environmental sustainability of the system. As aquaculture continues to grow rapidly to meet global food demand, maintaining optimal water parameters has become increasingly critical. This review provides a comprehensive overview of traditional and modern techniques used for water quality management in aquaculture, including mechanical aeration, biofiltration, water exchange, and the use of probiotics. It also explores emerging trends such as Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensor networks, Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), and Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), which enable more efficient, precise, and eco-friendly water management. Key water quality parameters—such as dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, nitrite, and temperature—are discussed with respect to their ideal ranges and physiological impacts on cultured species. The article integrates findings from recent literature, analyzes comparative data on technique performance, and presents visual insights through charts and graphs. Additionally, it highlights the challenges in implementation, especially for small-scale and rural farmers, and outlines the future scope for innovation and policy support. This review serves as a resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working toward sustainable aquaculture development.