Evaluation Of Neuroprotective Potential Of Bacopa Monnieri In Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficit In Rats

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive decline, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Current pharmacological treatments offer only symptomatic relief and often cause adverse effects. In this context, herbal agents with multitarget actions are gaining attention. Bacopa monnieri, a traditional Ayurvedic herb, is known for its antioxidant and cognitive-enhancing properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of Bacopa monnieri in a scopolamine-induced memory deficit model in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, scopolamine control, Bacopa monnieri low dose (100 mg/kg), high dose (200 mg/kg), and standard drug Donepezil (5 mg/kg). Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce cognitive impairment. Behavioral tests including Morris Water Maze, Y-Maze, and Novel Object Recognition were conducted. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, catalase, GSH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were evaluated. Histological analysis of hippocampal tissue was performed. Scopolamine-treated rats showed significant memory deficits, increased oxidative stress, and elevated AChE activity. Treatment with Bacopa monnieri, especially at 200 mg/kg, significantly improved behavioral performance, reduced MDA levels, restored antioxidant enzyme activity, and decreased AChE activity. Histopathology confirmed reduced neuronal degeneration in treated groups. In conclusion, Bacopa monnieri exhibited dose-dependent neuroprotection against scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity through its antioxidant and cholinergic-modulating effects. These findings support its potential as a safer, plant-based therapeutic option for managing AD-related cognitive decline.