Enhanced Therapeutic Effect Of Selenium Nanoparticles On The Treatment Of Induced Diabetes In Rats

Abstract

This study evaluated the therapeutic impacts of the selenium-insulin nanocarrier in comparison with free, uncoated insulin. The insulin was encapsulated with selenium nanoparticles using an eco-friendly chemical synthesis method. The prepared nanocarrier was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy within the wavelength range of 208.50–407.50 nm, as well as by (XRD) analysis, which revealed that the nanocarrier exhibited a polycrystalline thin film structure. Furthermore, (FESEM) analysis showed that the particles had a spherical morphology with nanoscale diameters ranging between 40–110 nm. The experimental animals were divided into four groups: the first as healthy, non-diabetic control; the second diabetic, untreated rats; the third diabetic rats treated with the selenium-insulin nanocarrier; and the fourth diabetic rats treated with free, uncoated insulin. Renal function markers were evaluated, revealing that the urea level in the diabetic control group reached (314.0a ± 13.64), while the healthy control group recorded (50.48b ± 1.21). The urea level in the diabetic group treated with free insulin was (128.8b ± 56.76), whereas the group treated with the selenium-insulin nanocarrier exhibited a level of (58.43b ± 10.89). Additionally, the creatinine level in the healthy control group was (0.26a ± 0.02), while the diabetic control group showed a level of (3.52a ± 2.27). Creatinine in the diabetic group treated with the selenium-insulin nanocarrier was (0.33a ± 0.04), while that in the free insulin-treated group was (1.15a ± 0.81). The results indicated that the untreated diabetic group significantly increased in urea and creatinine levels, which reflected kidney damage. In contrast, the group receiving the selenium-insulin nanocarrier showed a notable decrease in these markers when compared to the group treated with free insulin, suggesting a protective effect on kidney function. These findings suggest that the selenium-insulin nanocarrier is important in protecting the kidneys from diabetes-induced damage, enhancing hepatic function, improving insulin bioavailability, and providing protection against insulin degradation.