Development and evaluation of Cannabis sativa infused herbal Ointment for Psoriasis management

Abstract

Cannabis sativa L., a historically valued medicinal plant, has gained modern scientific interest due to its diverse pharmacological properties, particularly in managing inflammatory conditions. Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune condition characterized by excessive growth of keratinocytes, chronic inflammation, and disturbances in immune function, often leading to a reduced quality of life for affected individuals. While traditional therapies such as corticosteroids and systemic immunosuppressive agents are commonly used, their effectiveness varies, and they may cause unwanted side effects. This has led to increased interest in identifying and developing alternative treatment approaches. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a herbal ointment incorporating ethanolic extracts of Cannabis sativa L. leaves for topical use in psoriasis management. Plant material was authenticated and extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with ethanol as the solvent. Three trial formulations were prepared using varying combinations of oils, waxes, and bioactive agents, followed by a finalized formulation incorporating Cannabis extract, turmeric oil, and cetyl alcohol, among others. Phytochemical analysis of the extract indicated the presence of flavonoid compounds. Terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols, confirming its bioactive potential. The formulated ointment underwent comprehensive physicochemical evaluations including pH, homogeneity, spreadability, washability, irritancy, viscosity, and accelerated stability testing. Results demonstrated favorable topical properties with no signs of skin irritation and good stability over time. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids, especially CBD, was emphasized due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions mediated via endocannabinoid pathways. The findings support the potential of Cannabis sativa-based topical formulations as a promising alternative for psoriasis treatment. Further clinical investigation is warranted to establish efficacy, safety, and patient tolerability.