Function-Based Comparison between Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus paramycoides by Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus paramycoides through morphological, physiological, metabolic, and genomic assessments using data derived from BacDive, BV-BRC, SWISS-MODEL, RAST, SOPMA, and KEGG KAAS. Proteus mirabilis, a Gram-negative, motile bacterium, exhibits specialized features, thermal adaptability, and limited carbon source utilization. It shows robust enzymatic activities and significant antibiotic resistance, particularly to beta-lactam antibiotics, supported by genomic evidence of beta-lactam biosynthesis and resistance pathways. In contrast, Bacillus paramycoides, a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe with inconsistent motility and spore-forming traits, displays broader metabolic versatility, enhanced environmental adaptability, and a rich enzymatic profile suitable for biotechnological applications. Structural modeling of Metallothionein proteins revealed that B. paramycoides possesses a structurally superior model with higher sequence identity and better validation scores than P. mirabilis, despite both exhibiting alpha-helical dominance. Metallothionein, a heavy metal-binding protein found in both organisms, suggests potential utility in heavy metal bioremediation strategies. These findings highlight the contrasting ecological roles and biotechnological potentials of both organisms, with B. paramycoides offering greater promise for environmental resilience and metal detoxification applications.