Hybrid Digital Watermarking Using DWT, DCT, And SVD For Robust Image Protection

Abstract

Proposed model explores Digital Image Watermarking by integrating advanced methodologies such as Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to enhance efficiency and accuracy in watermark embedding and extraction. It synthesizes insights from multiple studies, covering fundamental concepts, computational models, and experimental validations. A comparative analysis highlights the effectiveness of these techniques in optimizing robustness and imperceptibility. Performance evaluation based on Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Correlation (NC) demonstrates significant improvements in watermark quality and resilience against attacks. This research paper contributes to a comparative study of Alpha and NC values for selected 6 attacks and even without attack, as experimental results represented in the form of table and graph.