Traumatic Arthritis of the Hip Joint Following Hip Dislocation and Acetabular Fracture: A Comprehensive Review.

Abstract

Post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) of the hip is a debilitating consequence of high-energy injuries such as hip dislocations and acetabular fractures, predominantly affecting younger and active individuals. The condition arises from both mechanical and inflammatory damage to joint structures, leading to progressive degeneration. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the definitive treatment for end-stage PTA, offering significant pain relief and improved function. However, THA in post-traumatic settings presents unique challenges due to altered anatomy, previous surgical interventions, and increased risk of complications such as infection, implant loosening, and heterotopic ossification. This comprehensive review examines the etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, surgical considerations, and outcomes of THA in PTA patients, drawing insights from key clinical studies. It emphasizes the importance of individualized preoperative planning, advanced surgical techniques, and patient education to optimize results. Future directions include the use of patient-specific implants, robotic-assisted surgery, and biologic therapies aimed at enhancing long-term outcomes. A multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach is crucial for improving care and quality of life in this complex patient population.