Protein Signaling As A Prospective Target For Insulin Resistance Treatment

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) usually begins when protein signaling is disrupted, leading to insulin resistance. The study seeks to find out what role specific proteins such as PI3K, IGF-1, GRB2and GLUT4, also study the role of IRS-1 and GSK-3β genes in insulin resistance and also examine any possible genetic variations related to these pathways. Samples of blood taken from 100 patients were obtained at Al Wafaa Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Gland Diseases in Mosul between October 2024 and January 2025. There were four different sample groups: healthy persons as control, persons with insulin resistance only, persons with insulin resistance and diabetes finally, persons with diabetes alone without insulin resistance. Each group were divided into two age groups 10-35 years and 36-65 years. Determining the concentration of each protein was done by ELISA method and DNA was extracted and sequenced to assess changes in the genes. The results pointed to a significant decrease in PI3K and IGF-1 levels, also to significantly increases in GRB2 and GLUT4, showing that they are involved in insulin resistance. Besides, analysis of the GSK-3β and IRS-1 genes confirmed that they were present in every sample, along with finding new genetic variations may links to insulin resistance and diabetes, it can be considered this signals as promising goals for detect insulin resistance in people with T2DM.