Unraveling Microbiota Dysbiosis In Gastrointestinal Disorders

Abstract

The recent development of advanced sequencing methods has revealed the complexity and diversity of roles played by the gut bacteria. Furthermore, a number of gastrointestinal illnesses are associated with dysbiosis, which is a shift in the composition or balance of the intestinal microbiota. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are intestinal disorders, whereas allergies, asthma, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and obesity are extra-intestinal ailments. In many of these conditions, the pathways leading to the development of sickness are significantly influenced by the vital mutualistic interaction between the host immune system, the intestinal microbiota, and their metabolic products. Maintaining intestinal homeostasis appears to depend on the development of a "healthy" link early in life. In particular, the kinds of bacteria that inhabit the mucous layer of the colon may have an effect on the induction of inflammatory processes or the preservation of host cellular homeostasis. Direct contact with host cells or indirect communication via bacterial metabolites can also result in this. This review explores the intricate relationship between microbiota dysbiosis and gastrointestinal (GIT) disorders to explain how alterations in gut microbial communities contribute to disease etiology.