“Effectiveness Of Application Of Egg White On Nappy Rash Among The Babies At Selected Hospitals From Pediatric Units”

Abstract

Introduction

Diaper dermatitis commonly referred to as nappy rash and it  is a frequent skin condition observed in infants and young children. It typically appears in the area covered by a diaper and is most commonly caused by prolonged exposure to moisture, urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent. However, this definition is somewhat limited and does not fully capture the complexities of the condition. Diaper dermatitis is a term that encompasses various forms of skin irritation in the diaper region, including other skin conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and bullous dermatoses. It is important to recognize these other potential causes of rashes in the diaper area to avoid misdiagnosis, which could lead to delayed or inappropriate treatment, and in some cases, may even divert attention away from more serious, life-threatening conditions. [1]

At the skin in the diaper area is particularly susceptible for the  irritation and infection due to a combination of factors. The friction caused by the diaper, prolonged exposure to moisture, and the presence of urea and fecal matter create an environment that weakens the skin's protective barrier, the stratum corneum. This breakdown increases the likelihood of opportunistic infections which are commonly associated with diaper dermatitis. These infections can exacerbate the condition and lead to further complications. [2]

In addition to irritant contact dermatitis, diaper dermatitis can also be influenced by underlying factors such as food allergies, which can trigger skin reactions ranging from mild rashes to more severe forms like eczema or urticaria. It's important to consider these possibilities when assessing a child with skin lesions in the diaper region to ensure an accurate diagnosis. [3]

Treatment for diaper dermatitis typically involves minimizing irritants and creating a protective barrier over the skin. Various commercially available topical products, as well as traditional home remedies, are often recommended to manage the condition. These products help soothe and protect the sensitive skin in the diaper area, reducing redness, irritation, and discomfort. The goal is to maintain a dry and clean environment to promote healing and prevent further irritation.

In conclusion diaper dermatitis is a common issue for infants and young children, but it can often be prevented and managed with appropriate care. While modern treatments are available, it's equally important to consider traditional methods to help alleviate symptoms. Parents and caregivers should remain vigilant in monitoring for signs of diaper rash and seek medical advice if the condition persists or worsens, ensuring that any underlying causes are properly addressed.

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Aim:

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of egg white application in reducing or healing nappy rash in babies

Methodology:

The study employed a pre-test and post-test control group design to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention. Forty participants were chosen using non-probability purposive sampling. To establish the content validity of the assessment tool, it was reviewed by 20 experts from different fields. An observation checklist, commonly used for evaluating diaper rash skin conditions, served as the primary assessment tool. The tool's reliability was determined through the inter-rater method, and the reliability coefficient (r) was calculated using the Karl Pearson formula, yielding an r value of 0.08, demonstrating the tool's reliability. The study involved infants aged 0-18 months who were admitted to the pediatric unit with diaper rash. Exclusion criteria included babies whose parents did not provide consent and those with egg white allergies.

Results : A paired t-test (or other relevant statistical test) was conducted to compare the severity scores before and after the application of egg white. The results showed a statistically significant  reduction in the severity of nappy rash when compared experimental group with control  group , The post test score of skin temperature in  75%  of babies was normal on touch in  experimental group where it was warm on touch in 40% of babies in control group.  The colour of skin was pink in 100 % babies in control group where 64 % babies had red colour of  skin  in  control group. 35 % babies had Macules on skin lesion  in control group ,6% babies had Papules on skin lesion in control group .65 % babies had  Erythema on skin in control group and 5%babies had Erythema  on skin  in experimental group. 35 % babies had mild pain  in  control group and . 35  % babies had  mild , 30 % babies experienced  moderate  and 35 % had  experienced severe pain  in control group, And 100 % babies had experienced  mild pain in experimental after the application of egg white.  The Total  mean score of skin condition after application of egg white in control group was 15.55, S.D. is 4.5592 and in experimental group it  was 6.5, S.D. is 0.7608 and t – value is 8.7559 and p – value is 0.00001 < 0.05 (at 5 % level of significance). which is highly significant .Thus the results of this study proved that application of egg white on nappy rash among babies was effective.

Conclusion :

In the present study, the p-value for nappy rash in infants was 0.00001 and it is  less than 0.005 thus it indicates that there is  a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control group. Hence  the null hypothesis is rejected. The use of egg white on nappy rash demonstrated a significant improvement in the pain levels of the skin in the post-test, suggesting that egg white was effective in treating nappy rash in infants.