The Role Of Media In Enhancing Soft Power: A Systematic Literature Review Of UAE's Strategic Influence

Abstract

Soft power has emerged as a vital component of modern diplomacy, enabling nations to exert influence through non-coercive means such as culture, education, media, and economic strategies. This study investigates the evolving role of soft power in fostering international relations, with a specific focus on its diverse tools and applications in the Middle East and beyond. Drawing upon an extensive literature review, it identifies key factors, including cultural diplomacy, digital media, sports diplomacy, and nation branding, that contribute to shaping global perceptions and enhancing state reputation. The research highlights the strategic integration of traditional and modern mechanisms, such as academic exchanges, economic diplomacy, and digital platforms, to project influence effectively. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of emerging states like the UAE and Qatar in leveraging soft power to bolster their international standing through innovative approaches, including hosting mega-events and employing digital diplomacy. The findings underscore the dynamic interplay between these elements, offering insights into how soft power strategies can be tailored to align with national goals and geopolitical contexts.