Ultrasound Screening Of Kidneys In The Early Detection Of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Assessment Of Clinical And Diagnostic Effectiveness

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and diagnostic effectiveness of ultrasound as a screening method for the early detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Given the increasing incidence of asymptomatic forms of RCC, special attention is being paid to timely and accessible diagnostics that can increase survival and reduce the number of neglected cases. The study included patients who underwent routine or preventive ultrasound screening of the kidneys. A comparative evaluation of ultrasound data, clinical manifestations, and the results of morphological verification of tumors was performed. The evaluated parameters were sensitivity, specificity, and the prognostic value of a positive result (PCR) and a negative result (PCR). The prospective follow-up revealed solid kidney formations in a number of patients, including those in the asymptomatic group. Ultrasound showed sensitivity of 88.6%, specificity of 97.8%, PPV of 70.2%, NPV of 99.3%. The advantage of ultrasound was shown in its non-invasiveness, accessibility and the possibility of repeated use. The diagnostic accuracy varied depending on the size and location of the tumor, especially in the lower and upper poles of the kidney. Kidney ultrasound is a highly effective screening tool, especially in high-risk groups. Its use can significantly increase the frequency of early detection of RCC and can be recommended for inclusion in national preventive screening programs. However, the method requires the addition of other imaging or contrast methods (CT, MRI, CEUS) for final diagnosis.