Biodegradable Nanomaterials For Removal Of Microplastics Removal In Aquatic Ecosystems

Abstract

The ubiquity of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems poses a significant ecological and public health concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and ability to transport toxic pollutants. Traditional removal methods, including physical filtration and chemical coagulation, are often inefficient, energy-intensive, or environmentally unsustainable. This study explores the use of biodegradable nanomaterials as a green and innovative approach for microplastic remediation in water bodies. Nanomaterials derived from natural polymers such as chitosan, cellulose, lignin, and polylactic acid (PLA) exhibit high surface area, eco-compatibility, and functional groups suitable for microplastic adsorption and aggregation. These nanostructures can be engineered to possess hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions that selectively target microplastic particles. The paper critically reviews current advances in the synthesis, functionalization, and deployment of biodegradable nanomaterials for environmental remediation, emphasizing their removal efficiency, degradation kinetics, and lifecycle sustainability. Experimental and modeling data from recent studies are analyzed to assess practical applicability in real-world aquatic systems. The integration of biodegradable nanotechnology into water treatment offers a promising, sustainable, and scalable pathway for mitigating microplastic pollution while minimizing secondary environmental burdens.