Comparative Of Harderian Gland Of Dove And Native Chickens By Histology, Histochemical Analysis

Abstract

Studying the histology and histochemical makeup of the Harderian gland in Dove and native chickens was the goal of this project. Samples from adult birds were collected, processed for histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and evaluated histochemically using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue stains to determine the mucopolysaccharide and glycoprotein content. The results demonstrate that the two species differ in glandular function and ecological niche adaptation, as demonstrated by distinct histological and histochemical differences. A multilobular tubular-alveolar exocrine glandular structure was seen in the Harderian glands of both domestic male chickens and male doves, according to histological and histochemical analysis. Whereas the dove's capsule is thinner and contains lymphocytes, the rooster's gland is encased in a thick capsule of connective tissue that is rich in blood arteries and nerve fibers. The interstitial connective tissue and the capsule both reacted differently to PAS and AB stains, suggesting that the two species' levels of glycoproteins and mucous components varied. The gland in the rooster showed a distinct lobular organization with large lobes and a cylindrical secretory epithelium containing lipid droplets, while the gland in the dove was smaller, more compact, with closer, more clearly defined lobules, and a cuboidal epithelium containing mucous vacuoles. Abundant lymphoid tissue was also observed within the parenchyma in both species, more so in the rooster, indicating immune activity. The excretory ducts were similarly organized in both species, ranging from intralobular ducts to the main excretory duct that drains into the third eyelid. These ducts reacted positively with AB-PAS stains, indicating mixed mucus secretions (acidic and neutral mucus).