Assessment of Groundwater Levels in Narnaul Block, Mahendergarh District (1991-21)

Abstract

Groundwater is a crucial resource for sustaining agriculture and domestic water supply in semi-arid regions of India. The present study assesses the temporal variation in groundwater levels in Narnaul Block of Mahendergarh District, Haryana, over a period of three decades (1991–2021). The analysis is based on secondary data collected from ten selected observation wells, focusing on depth to groundwater level (meters below ground level). The study employs a time-series and decadal approach to examine trends, fluctuations, and spatial variations in groundwater levels.

The results reveal a significant decline in groundwater levels during the study period. The average depth increased from 21.78 m bgl in 1991 to 61.41 m bgl in 2011, indicating severe depletion, followed by a partial recovery to 54.48 m bgl in 2021. Decadal analysis shows that the most critical phase of decline occurred between 2001 and 2011. Spatial variations among villages highlight localized differences in groundwater conditions, with some areas experiencing extreme depletion. The major factors contributing to this decline include excessive groundwater extraction for irrigation, erratic rainfall, unfavorable geological conditions, and inadequate water management practices.

The study concludes that groundwater resources in Narnaul Block are under significant stress despite recent signs of recovery. It emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable groundwater management strategies, including efficient irrigation practices, artificial recharge measures, and regulatory interventions. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and planners to develop effective groundwater conservation and management strategies in the region.