Relationship Between Stratospheric and Tropospheric Ozone Over Iraq

Abstract

The total ozone in the column is concentrated about 90% in the stratosphere, while about 10% is found in the troposphere. Global ozone values range from 200 to 500 Dobson’s with the average being around 300 Dobson’s. The data was taken from the European Centre for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts for hourly and monthly averages for the three years 2005, 2015, and 2025 Over Iraq as Total Column Ozone (TCO), Relative Humidity (RH), Temperature (T), Solar Radiation (SR), Ozone Troposphere, Ozone Stratosphere and Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) for the period 3 years (2005, 2015, and 2025). The resulted showed the highest ozone values ​​are generally found in Mosul, followed by Baghdad and then Rutba, with the lowest values ​​in Basra. The difference between stations is very small, indicating that the spatial distribution of ozone in Iraq is relatively uniform. This may be due to: varying solar radiation or weather conditions (temperature, wind). Southern regions like Basra have slightly lower values, possibly due to: high humidity or industrial activities and their chemical impact. Furthermore, the values ​​fall within a narrow range (~0.006 to 0.0067 kg/m²), indicating the relative stability of the ozone layer over Iraq during these years. Also, the highest inverse correlation between temperature and ozone stratosphere in the Mosul station was ( -0.776, p<0.05) and the lowest inverse correlation between UV and ozone stratosphere in the Basra was (-0.04, p<0.05). Also, the highest positive correlation between relative humidity and ozone stratosphere in the Mosul station was (0.692, p<0.05).