The Evolution of Physico - Chemical Characteristics of Coffee - Based Soils in Bastar Division, Chhattisgarh

Abstract

This study evaluates the progression of physico-chemical properties of coffee-based soils in the Bastar Division of Chhattisgarh, India, and a burgeoning non-traditional coffee cultivation area. Soil samples were obtained from coffee farms of varying ages and management practices at two depths (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm). Conventional laboratory techniques were employed to assess soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu). The spatial variability of essential soil parameters was assessed by geostatistical interpolation utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. Findings demonstrated that coffee-based agroforestry systems markedly improved soil organic carbon and nutrient availability in comparison to younger plantings and monoculture systems. The soils were primarily moderately acidic to nearly neutral, conducive to coffee growing, however significant geographical diversity in phosphorus and micronutrient levels was noted. Elevated organic carbon concentrations in mature plants indicated a gradual enhancement in soil structure and nutrient cycling. The research underscores the promise of coffee-based agroforestry in enhancing soil quality and advocates for site-specific nutrient management to ensure sustainable coffee production in the Bastar region.