Exploring Environmental Risk Factors For Autism Spectrum Disorders In Eastern Algeria

Abstract

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has steadily increased over the past two decades, making it a significant public health concern. However, the lack of epidemiological data in Algeria hinders understanding and management of the disorder. This study aims to explore the major environmental risk factors involved in the development of ASD in Eastern Algeria. Between March and April 2024, 100 patients from the eastern region were gathered from associations and psycho-educational centers. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel. Results showed a male predominance (64% boys, 36% girls; sex ratio 1.77:1), with higher ASD frequency among younger children (43%). Advanced paternal age (59%) and parental education level (49%) were significantly associated with early detection of signs (p = 0.002). Family history of diabetes (30%) and hypertension (24%) were prevalent, and 15% of children were born from consanguineous marriages. Pregnancy-related factors such as maternal fever (23%), stress (74%), and smoking (23%), were identified as potential risk factors. Birth complications, particularly asphyxia, showed a significant correlation with ASD (p = 0.001). Common comorbidities were attention deficit disorder (73%) and hyperactivity disorder (67%). This study provides valuable insights for early detection by highlighting important risk factors of ASD in eastern Algeria.