Agro-Pastoral Systems And Socioeconomic Dynamics Of Camel Husbandry In The Djelfa Steppe Region Of Algeria

Abstract

Camel breeding holds significant importance in the steppe regions of Algeria, with Djelfa being a key area for the integration of agro-pastoral practices and socio-economic dynamics. This study explores how camel farming contributes to livelihoods and adapts to environmental and economic changes. To evaluate camel farming practices by focusing on herd composition, management systems, and socio-economic impacts, as well as to identify breeder typologies while addressing environmental adaptation strategies. A structured socio-professional questionnaire was administered to 38 farms located in the Djelfa region and its surroundings. Data analysis utilized Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Hierarchical Ascendant Classification (HAC) to establish farming typologies influenced by demographic and educational factors. The survey highlights the predominance of the Ouled-Nail breed, well-adapted to local conditions, accompanied by secondary breeds such as Aftouh and Chaambi. Herds, composed of 73% females, are primarily oriented towards milk production, which is essential for the local economy. Young camels, accounting for 41% of the herd, illustrate the sustainability and renewal of the stock. This study identifies three breeder typologies, influenced by age, habitat, and education level. Older breeders favor semi-intensive systems with fixed habitats, while younger ones adopt mobile extensive practices. Intermediate breeders, with more advanced education, implement intensive systems integrating modern techniques. Camel farming supports the economy and the well-being of local populations while ensuring the sustainability of steppe ecosystems.