Anticancer Potential Of Bioactive Extracts From Vietnamese Endemic Medicinal Plant Paramignya Trimera: A Review Of In Vitro Evidence, Sustainability, And Biodiversity Implications

Abstract

Background: Cancer remains one of the major causes of death in the world, and the efforts to find innovative ways of anticancer treatment are crucial. Plants of medicine are being considered, namely Paramignya trimera (Xao Tam Phan), which has possible anticancer effects. The proposed review will assess the bioactive extracts of P. trimera regarding its anticancer properties, sustainability, and biodiversity.

Methods: The systematic review was carried out based on the published works between 2018 and 2025 on the in vitro assessment of anticancer activity of P. trimera. The databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science were accessed to collect research using the PICO framework in order to evaluate the relevance of the studies. The studies comprised in vitro studies on the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and selective cytotoxicity.

Results: Through the review, six studies were identified that, in combination, supported three major themes. The initial theme demonstrated that Paramignya trimera had always suppressive effects on cancer cell growth and induction of apoptosis in various in vitro cancer cells. The second theme portrayed that in vitro multiplication has the potential to maintain plant supply by genetically stable culturing. The third theme was raised and focused on biodiversity loss and the necessity of conservation measures to minimise the pressure on wild populations.

Discussion: Although P. trimera has the potential to be an anticancer agent, more studies must be done to ascertain its therapeutic efficacy and safety, both in animals and in clinical trials. The review highlights the significance of sustainable methods of crop cultivation, including somatic embryogenesis and micropropagation, to ensure that the plant can be freely available without the utilisation of natural resources.

Conclusions: P. trimera holds significant promise for cancer therapy but requires further validation and the development of sustainable cultivation practices to preserve its bioactive compounds and ensure long-term availability.