Potential Organic Mulches For Sustainable Agricultural Production And Improving Soil Environment

Abstract

Climate change has led to a gradual increase in global temperatures over time. As a result, it has disrupted the global equilibrium of agro-environmental systems, impacting agricultural productivity. Thus, new eco-friendly farming methods are required to produce sustainably. This study summarizes research papers on the effects of various mulching materials and techniques on soil and environmental factors that affect crop production. Organic mulching techniques could decrease weed growth, reduce soil evaporation, maintain temperature, boost soil microorganisms, and increase water-holding capacity. Mulches also benefit agriculture and landscaping in terms of cost, appearance, and environmental impact, as well as improve soil aesthetics through crop production. This study reviewed the effects of different mulching materials and techniques on soil and environmental issues, with a particular focus on suppressed weed control, increased water-holding capacity, and controlled soil temperature, which affect crop production. Mulches improve soil moisture, nutrients, reduce soil erosion in crops, and mitigate the lingering influence of heavy metals, fertilizers, and pesticides. In agriculture, excessive plastic film residues in soil lead to contamination and vegetation destruction. An environmentally friendly organic mulch provides by substitute for traditional polyethene mulch. However, the choice of potential mulching materials is influenced by crop management, techniques, and climatic conditions. The effect of inexpensive, environmentally friendly, mulching materials on crop productivity, soil fertility, soil microbes, and microclimate alteration requires further study.