Neuroprotective Evaluation Of Bacopa Monnieri-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: A Green Chemistry Approach

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease pose significant global health challenges due to progressive neuronal loss and limited therapeutic efficacy of conventional drugs. In recent years, Bacopa monnieri—an adaptogenic herb known for its memory-enhancing and neuroprotective properties—has gained scientific attention as a potential therapeutic agent. However, poor bioavailability and limited blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability restrict its clinical translation. Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, offers a promising nanocarrier platform for brain-targeted delivery owing to its mucoadhesive and penetration-enhancing properties.

This review focuses on the integration of Bacopa monnieri phytoconstituents within chitosan nanoparticles using green chemistry–based synthesis approaches. Emphasis is placed on eco-friendly formulation techniques, nanoparticle characterization, and mechanisms underlying neuroprotection such as antioxidant modulation, cholinergic regulation, and anti-inflammatory pathways. The discussion also includes preclinical evidence supporting Bacopa-loaded nanocarriers for cognitive restoration and neuronal repair. Overall, this review highlights the emerging potential of sustainable nanotechnology in developing safer, more effective brain-targeted herbal therapeutics.