Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder: A Review On Characterization And Antimicrobial Applications

Abstract

Green nanotechnology is a more sustainable, environmentally friendly, and less expensive alternative to the traditional physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles(Rajeshkumar & Bharath, 2017). The current paper is a literature survey that looks into the biogenic production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Moringa oleifera leaf powder, highlighting the material's potential as a reducing as well as a stabilizing agent(“(PDF) Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extracts and Its Antimicrobial Potential,” 2025). The silver nanoparticles show to be very versatile due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and catalytic properties, which lead to their usage in different fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental management((PDF) Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Moringa Oliefera Aqueous Root Extract, n.d.). The present work is the first one to detail the mechanism of green synthesis, the phytochemical profile of Moringa extract and its effect on nanoparticle structure. Characterization of samples through UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been thoroughly discussed here. The antimicrobial potency of the metal-loaded Moringa composite has also been identified with the help of bacterial strain(Yedoti et al., 2024)s. The review article focus about benefits, applications, and future potentials of Moringa-based nanoparticle synthesis. Here, green synthesis not only restricts the consumption of toxic chemicals to a great extent but also promotes the sustainability development principles by employing plant-derived biomolecules as natural capping and reducing agents. Bioactive compounds in Moringa oleifera such as flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, and terpenoids are responsible for forming nanoparticles, enhancing the stability and functionality of synthesized AgNPs. The process offers an easy, fast, and environmentally friendly pathway that can be scaled up conveniently without the requirement of high pressure or heat, which is economically viable for industrial-scale applications. In addition, this research investigates the impact of different synthesis parameters like pH, temperature, concentration of silver nitrate, and reaction time on nanoparticle size, morphology, and dispersity. The UV–Vis spectra indicative of characteristic surface plasmon resonance at 420–450 nm verify successful formation of AgNP, and XRD results ensure the crystalline nature. SEM and TEM images also gain a better understanding of particle morphology, displaying evenly distributed spherical nanoparticles. The antimicrobial assays exhibit strong inhibitory activity of Moringa-derived silver nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, indicating possible applications in the development of natural antimicrobial drugs. Their catalytic and antioxidant activity provide further prospects for use in environmental detoxification, wastewater treatment, and in improving agriculture. In sum, this review offers a comprehensive knowledge on Moringa-mediated green synthesis of AgNPs, with a focus on its advantages over traditional methods and on its promising uses in various scientific and industrial fields. The article ends with an outlook for the future, and it posits that the synergy between plant-based nanotechnology can give rise to the next generation of biocompatible and sustainable NP(Yedoti et al., 2024).