Herbal Gel Formulations From Medicinal Plants: A Review Of Antimicrobial And Anti-Inflammatory Activity For Treatment Of Mouth Ulcers

Abstract

One of the most prevalent conditions affecting the oral mucosa, mouth ulcers are frequently linked to discomfort, inflammation, microbial colonization, and a reduced quality of life. While they offer short-term respite, traditional treatment options like corticosteroids and antiseptics can have negative side effects and low patient compliance. Herbal gel formulations have become viable substitutes in recent years because of their dual antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory qualities, localized drug delivery, and biocompatibility. Medicinal plants like Aloe vera, Ocimum sanctum, Curcuma longa, Camellia sinensis, Azadirachta indica, and Psidium guajava are highlighted in this review because they contain phytochemicals that can inhibit Streptococcus species and other important oral pathogens. They can also modulate inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

These plants' therapeutic potential to lessen ulcer severity and speed mucosal healing is supported by data from in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo, and clinical studies. Additionally, improved patient acceptability, stability, and sustained release are made possible by advancements in formulation techniques that use mucoadhesive gelling agents (Carbopol, HPMC, and chitosan). The effectiveness of these gels is further supported by evaluation parameters that include stability, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, physicochemical, and clinical results. All things considered, herbal gel formulations offer a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of mouth ulcers that is secure, efficient, and patient-friendly. To determine their place in mainstream oral healthcare, future studies concentrating on standardization, innovative delivery methods, synergistic plant combinations, and extensive clinical trials will be crucial.